Plaquenil - Hydroxychloroquine

What is it?

Composition

Plaquenil contains the active substance hydroxychloroquine in the form of sulfate, which has the main therapeutic effect. In addition to the active component, Plaquenil tablets contain excipients that ensure stability, shape and absorption of the drug in the body. These ingredients may include:

• Lactose - to improve the texture of the tablet.
• Corn starch - as a binder.
• Talc - to prevent sticking of ingredients.
• Magnesium stearate - to improve sliding and compression of the tablet.
• Hypromellose - to control the release of the active substance.

All these components together provide the effectiveness and ease of use of Plaquenil, but it is also important to consider the possibility of individual intolerance to some of these substances.

How to use?

Plaquenil should be taken under strict medical supervision, as the dosage and duration of the course depend on the specific disease and individual characteristics of the patient. Plaquenil tablets are usually taken orally during meals or with milk to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal disorders.

Recommendations for taking the drug include:

1. For the treatment of malaria, Plaquenil is usually prescribed at a dosage of 400 mg per day, divided into two doses. The duration of the course depends on the stage and form of the disease.
2. For rheumatoid arthritis, the standard dose is 200-400 mg per day. The effect appears gradually, usually over several weeks or months.
3. For the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, the dosage can also vary from 200 to 400 mg per day, depending on the severity of symptoms and the bodys response to treatment.

It is important to follow all doctors instructions and not change the dosage on your own. Regular eye examinations are also recommended to prevent possible side effects on vision.

How does it work?

Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine) works by acting on the immune system to help regulate its overactivity, which is especially important in autoimmune diseases. In these cases, the immune system begins to attack the bodys own tissues, causing inflammation and damage. Plaquenil reduces the activity of leukocytes (white blood cells) and reduces the production of substances that cause inflammation, such as cytokines.

The drug also stabilizes lysosomal membranes, preventing the release of enzymes that can damage cells and tissues. Due to this, Plaquenil helps reduce pain, swelling, and inflammation, improving the overall condition of the patient. Additionally, it has some antiviral properties, which is what initially made it an effective treatment for malaria, but has also proven useful for some other infections.

Indications

Plaquenil is prescribed for the treatment and prevention of a number of diseases based on autoimmune processes or infectious agents. The main indications for use include:

• Rheumatoid arthritis - to reduce inflammation, pain and slow the progression of the disease.
• Systemic lupus erythematosus - to reduce disease activity and prevent exacerbations.
• Malaria - for prevention and treatment, especially in regions with high resistance to other antimalarial drugs.
• Discoid lupus erythematosus - to treat skin manifestations of the disease.
• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis - in some cases can be used for children under strict medical supervision.

Plaquenil is an important component of complex therapy when long-term treatment is required to maintain remission and improve the patients quality of life.

Contraindications

Despite the effectiveness of Plaquenil, there are certain conditions and diseases in which its use is contraindicated. Before starting treatment, it is important to discuss all possible risks with your doctor to avoid unwanted consequences. Major contraindications include:

• Hypersensitivity or allergy to hydroxychloroquine or any of the components of the drug.
• Severe visual impairment, including retinal diseases, especially associated with the use of other chloroquine-based drugs.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding, unless the potential benefit to the mother outweighs the risk to the fetus or child.
• Severe liver or kidney dysfunction, since the metabolism and excretion of the drug may be difficult.
• Mental disorders, including depression, since the drug may aggravate these conditions.

It is important to always inform your doctor about all concomitant diseases and medications taken in order to avoid unwanted drug interactions and choose the best treatment.

Side effects

Like any medication, Plaquenil can cause side effects that vary in severity and frequency. Most patients tolerate treatment well, but it is important to be aware of possible reactions to the drug. The most common side effects include:

• Gastrointestinal problems such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
• Headaches and dizziness, especially at the beginning of treatment.
• Vision problems, including blurred vision and retinal changes, especially with long-term use.
• Allergic reactions such as skin rash, itching, or hives.
• Mood changes, including depression or anxiety.

If any unwanted symptoms occur, it is important to contact your doctor immediately to adjust your treatment or stop taking the drug. Regular check-ups and health monitoring will help minimize risks and maintain treatment at a safe level.