Metoclopramide

What is it?

Composition

Metoclopramide has a complex composition that ensures its therapeutic effectiveness. The main active ingredient is metoclopramide hydrochloride. This ingredient is responsible for the main effect of the drug - the effect on the central and peripheral nervous system.

In addition to the active substance, the drug contains auxiliary components, which may vary depending on the form of release (tablets, injections, syrup). They are necessary to stabilize the drug, facilitate its use and improve absorption by the body.

• Metoclopramide hydrochloride is the main active ingredient.
• Lactose monohydrate is a filler in tablets.
• Magnesium stearate is a stabilizer.
• Cellulose and starch are auxiliary components.
• Water for injection (in solutions) - ensures safe administration of the drug.

How to use?

When using metoclopramide, it is important to strictly follow the doctors instructions or the directions on the drug packaging. Correct use ensures maximum effectiveness and minimizes the risk of side effects.

The drug is available in various forms: tablets, injection solutions and syrups, which allows you to choose the most convenient method of use. The dosage and frequency of administration depend on the patients age, health condition and type of disease. General recommendations include the following steps:

1. Before taking, make sure that there are no contraindications, such as allergies to the components of the drug or serious kidney and liver diseases.
2. Tablets are usually taken 30 minutes before meals, with a sufficient amount of water.
3. Injections are performed by medical personnel in a clinical setting or according to a clear doctors prescription.
4. The dosage for adults is usually 10 mg up to three times a day. For children, the dosage is calculated individually.
5. Do not exceed the recommended course of treatment, which most often ranges from several days to 4-6 weeks, depending on the indications.

Before starting a course, always check the treatment regimen with your doctor, especially if you are taking other medications.

How does it work?

Metoclopramide acts by acting on receptors in the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. Its main function is to block dopamine receptors, which allows for effective control of the gag reflex and improves gastric motility.

The drug stimulates esophageal peristalsis and accelerates the process of gastric emptying, which makes it indispensable for gastroparesis or gastroesophageal reflux disease. It also affects the contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter, preventing stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus.

In migraines, metoclopramide improves the absorption of painkillers, while eliminating nausea, which often accompanies headache attacks. This combined action makes it useful as an independent remedy and as part of complex therapy.

Indications

Metoclopramide is used for various conditions associated with gastrointestinal motility disorders and symptoms of nausea or vomiting. The drug is prescribed to both adults and children, but its use must be strictly justified by medical indications.

The main situations in which a doctor may recommend metoclopramide are:

• Prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery.
• Gastroparesis (especially diabetic), in which there is delayed emptying of the stomach.
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), to reduce symptoms of heartburn.
• Preparation for diagnostic procedures such as endoscopy, to speed up the passage of contrast agents.
• Relief of symptoms during acute migraine attacks.

It is important to consult a doctor before using the drug to determine whether it is necessary and safe to use in your particular situation.

Contraindications

Despite the effectiveness of metoclopramide, there are conditions in which its use is contraindicated. Incorrect use of the drug can lead to serious complications, so it is important to know in which cases it should be avoided.

Contraindications include both absolute and relative ones, which require an individual risk assessment. Absolute contraindications imply complete exclusion of the drug, while relative ones allow its use under strict medical supervision.

• Hypersensitivity to metoclopramide or any of the excipients of the drug.
• Epilepsy or other seizure disorders, as the drug may increase the frequency of seizures.
• Perforation, bleeding or mechanical obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Pheochromocytoma (adrenal tumor), due to the risk of a sharp increase in blood pressure.
• Prolactin-dependent tumors, such as prolactinoma.

Metoclopramide should also be prescribed with caution to patients with kidney disease, liver disease, bronchial asthma or under 1 year of age. Before starting therapy, it is important to carefully discuss all possible risks with your doctor.

Side effects

Like any medicine, metoclopramide can cause side effects. Although most patients tolerate the drug well, some may experience adverse reactions. Knowing the possible side effects helps you recognize them early and seek medical help.

Side effects range from mild and temporary to more serious, requiring discontinuation of the drug. Most often, they are associated with the effect of metoclopramide on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract.

• Headaches, dizziness, or drowsiness are the most common reactions.
• Anxiety, irritability, or depression, especially with prolonged use.
• Facial and neck muscle spasms (dystonic reactions), which are more common in young patients.
• Diarrhea or constipation, sometimes a feeling of discomfort in the stomach.
• Increased levels of prolactin in the blood, which can cause galactorrhea (milk secretion) or menstrual irregularities.

If serious symptoms such as difficulty breathing, abnormal heart rhythms, or severe convulsions occur, stop taking the medicine immediately and consult a doctor.