Amantadine

What is it?

Composition

Amantadine is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, and syrup. The main active ingredient is amantadine hydrochloride. This substance is responsible for the main therapeutic effect of the drug. Excipients may vary depending on the form of release and manufacturer, but usually include:

• Gelatin (for capsules)
• Lactose (in tablets)
• Starch
• Magnesium stearate
• Cellulose
• Colors and flavors (in syrup)

These excipients are necessary to give the drug its shape, improve its taste and ensure stability.

How to use?

The use of Amantadine requires strict adherence to the doctors recommendations, since the dosage and frequency of administration may depend on the specific condition of the patient. Usually the drug is taken orally, regardless of food intake. Standard recommendations for use are as follows:

1. For the treatment of symptoms of Parkinsons disease, the initial dose is usually 100 mg once a day. After a few days, the dose can be increased to 100 mg twice a day.
2. For the prevention or treatment of influenza type A, the dosage may be higher and is prescribed individually, depending on the age and health of the patient.
3. The course of treatment varies depending on the indication, but usually lasts from several weeks to several months.

It is important not to exceed the recommended dosage and to take the drug at the same time each day to maintain a stable level of the active substance in the body. In case of a missed dose, do not double the next dose, but continue taking it as usual.

How does it work?

Amantadine exerts its therapeutic effects through two main mechanisms. First, it acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist, which helps reduce the hyperactivity of neurons associated with Parkinson’s symptoms such as tremors and rigidity. By blocking these receptors, Amantadine improves motor function and reduces muscle stiffness.

Second, Amantadine increases the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in controlling movement. Increasing dopamine levels in the brain helps improve motor coordination and reduce symptoms such as slowness of movement and balance problems. This dual mechanism of action makes Amantadine an effective treatment for Parkinson’s and other movement disorders.

Indications

Amantadine is indicated for the treatment and prevention of a number of diseases and conditions associated with central nervous system disorders and infections. Primary indications for use include:

• Treatment of symptoms of Parkinsons disease, such as tremor, muscle rigidity, slowness of movement, and impaired coordination.
• Parkinsonism syndrome caused by the use of neuroleptics or other drugs.
• Prevention and treatment of influenza type A, especially in patients with an increased risk of complications.
• Relief of symptoms of movement disorders caused by other neurological disorders.

Depending on the specific diagnosis, Amantadine can be used as an independent agent or as part of complex therapy.

Contraindications

Amantadine has a number of contraindications that must be taken into account before starting treatment. These restrictions are related to the risk of side effects or worsening of the condition in the presence of certain diseases. The main contraindications include:

• Hypersensitivity to amantadine or any of the excipients of the drug.
• Severe renal failure, since the drug is excreted by the kidneys and can accumulate in the body if their function is impaired.
• Decompensated heart failure, arrhythmia, since Amantadine can affect the heart rhythm and increase existing disorders.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding, since the safety of use in these conditions has not been established.
• Glaucoma, especially closed-angle, due to the risk of increased intraocular pressure.

Before starting to take the drug, it is important to undergo a complete medical examination and consult a doctor to exclude possible risks.

Side effects

The use of Amantadine may be accompanied by various side effects, which occur with varying frequency and intensity depending on the individual reaction of the body. The most common side effects include:

• Nausea and loss of appetite, which usually disappear after a few days as the body adapts to the drug.
• Dizziness and headache, especially at the beginning of treatment or when changing the dosage.
• Drowsiness or insomnia, sleep disorders that may require adjustment of the treatment regimen.
• Dry mouth associated with the anticholinergic effect of the drug.
• Visual disturbances, such as blurred vision or photophobia.

In rare cases, more serious side effects may occur, such as abnormal heart rhythms, mental disorders, or severe allergic reactions. If any of these symptoms occur, you should immediately consult a doctor and, possibly, adjust your treatment.